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13. The age of the wheelie-bag
Luggage unpacks the ages. Adventurers howin international the 15th-century travel age has of changed discovery down setsail in galleons loaded to the gunwales with supplies for voyages that might take years (принадлежности для путешествий, длившихся годами). Aristocrats on a “grand tour” in the 18th century trekked around Europe for months in horse-drawn carriages packed with trunks, servants and even furniture. The suitcase arrived at the end of the 19th century (чемодан появился в конце 19 века) when spending several weeksabroad became more common for the wealthy. By the 1970s tourists and executives needed to cart the wherewithal for a few nightsaway through vast airports. And so the wheelie-bag came to symbolise the era of mass travel (символизирует эпоху массовых путешествий).
The rise of the wheelie-bag reflects the falling cost and increasing speed of long-distance travel. Cheaper air fares, rising incomesand more leisure time have made foreign trips routine and a holiday abroad accessible to many in the rich world wishing to escapetheir daily stress. Travel brings new experiences and memories (путешествие обогащает новыми впечатлениями и опытом) (ormoments to capture on Instagram). And if not every mind is broadened, surely few suffer the opposite effect. As Mark Twain put it,“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.”
The ease of travel has not just expanded tourism (легкость путешествия не только стимулировала развитие туризма). As companieshave spread across the world so have their workers. Business travelkeeps multinational companies and supply chains connected.
And the ability to get away has let people spread around the worldto work, learn or just have a change of scene. As families have dispersed so has the need to keep in touch or attend weddings andbirthday parties in foreign parts. It has brought the world togetherby allowing family and friends to live farther apart.
Yet until recently few people went far. Travel was slow, difficultand expensive when it relied on wind or horsepower. Steam andrailways opened the gates a little wider. But getting far afield even100 years ago took an ocean liner or airship, a pricey way to go. Afirst-class cabin on the Titanic in 1912 started at ?30 ($3,500 today);a transatlantic ticket on the Hindenburg cost $400 in 1936 (bothone-way, as it later turned out). The big surge in international travel came with flying (большой прогресс в международном путешествии начался с развитием авиации). A train on the trans-Siberian route from Beijing to Moscow takes over five days; a flight around seven hours. Yetthe real game-changer was cheaper fares. In 1950 only 25m peopletook a trip abroad, says the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (unwto). By 2019 the number of trips had grown to 1.5bn (в 2019 году количество путешествий увеличилось на 1,5 миллиардов)
(and that excludes migrants, refugees and visits of over a year).
Nearly three-fifths of international travellers arrived and departed by plane in 2019, compared with only 5% by sea and 1% bytrain, according to unwto. The 35% of travellers crossing borders in a car were mostly Europeans (35% путешественников, ехавших за границу на машине, были европейцами) , inhabitants of the world’s largesttravel market, taking advantage of their continent’s small size andgood roads. Going on holiday is the main motive for travel abroad,
accounting for 55% of trips. Business travel made up 11% of the total (бизнес-поездки составили 11% от всех путешествий). Most of the rest was to visit families and friends abroad. Sometravel for religious reasons (2m Muslims visit Mecca every year);and around 15m sought medical treatment in 2017.
International travellers have filled tills for hotels, restaurants,car-hire firms and tour operators. Their spending hit $1.5trn in2019. Before covid-19, travel contributed 4.4% of gdp and 6.9% ofemployment in the oecd rich-country club. International travelmade up 6.5% of global exports in 2019, according to the WorldTrade Organisation. In all, travel and tourism accounts for over 330m jobs, one in ten of the world’s total, claims the World Traveland Tourism Council (wttc).
Covid-19 has devastated an industry (ковид-19 разрушил индустрию) that relies on the freedomof people to move. International travel stopped almost completelybetween March and May 2020, as four-fifths of countries closedtheir borders. Forbidden or unable to get around, travellers havestayed put. International arrivals fell by 70-75% in 2020, estimates
the unwto, with 1bn fewer travellers and $1.1bn less spending (seechart). That is ten times the shortfall in travel spending in 2009after the financial crisis. And recovery looks far off, even with effective vaccines. The oecd predicts that tourism will be among the“last sectors of the economy to…recover lost demand”.
It is not all dark clouds, however. Greenhouse-gas emissions bycommercial jets plunged in 2020, intensifying debate about howto curtail this pollution permanently. Destinations blighted byovertourism have had a break. And optimists reckon that in thelong run the link between growing wealth and the urge to travelwill remain unbroken. This report will argue that, for all its high
short-term costs, the pandemic may accelerate trends that willeventually make travel both easier and less damaging. Today’s travel industry may have taken a battering—but the new one that emerges could be better than ever.
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13. The age of the wheelie-bag
Luggage unpacks the ages. Adventurers howin international the 15th-century travel age has of changed discovery down setsail in galleons loaded to the gunwales with supplies for voyages that might take years (принадлежности для путешествий, длившихся годами). Aristocrats on a “grand tour” in the 18th century trekked around Europe for months in horse-drawn carriages packed with trunks, servants and even furniture. The suitcase arrived at the end of the 19th century (чемодан появился в конце 19 века) when spending several weeksabroad became more common for the wealthy. By the 1970s tourists and executives needed to cart the wherewithal for a few nightsaway through vast airports. And so the wheelie-bag came to symbolise the era of mass travel (символизирует эпоху массовых путешествий).
The rise of the wheelie-bag reflects the falling cost and increasing speed of long-distance travel. Cheaper air fares, rising incomesand more leisure time have made foreign trips routine and a holiday abroad accessible to many in the rich world wishing to escapetheir daily stress. Travel brings new experiences and memories (путешествие обогащает новыми впечатлениями и опытом) (ormoments to capture on Instagram). And if not every mind is broadened, surely few suffer the opposite effect. As Mark Twain put it,“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.”
The ease of travel has not just expanded tourism (легкость путешествия не только стимулировала развитие туризма). As companieshave spread across the world so have their workers. Business travelkeeps multinational companies and supply chains connected.
And the ability to get away has let people spread around the worldto work, learn or just have a change of scene. As families have dispersed so has the need to keep in touch or attend weddings andbirthday parties in foreign parts. It has brought the world togetherby allowing family and friends to live farther apart.
Yet until recently few people went far. Travel was slow, difficultand expensive when it relied on wind or horsepower. Steam andrailways opened the gates a little wider. But getting far afield even100 years ago took an ocean liner or airship, a pricey way to go. Afirst-class cabin on the Titanic in 1912 started at ?30 ($3,500 today);a transatlantic ticket on the Hindenburg cost $400 in 1936 (bothone-way, as it later turned out). The big surge in international travel came with flying (большой прогресс в международном путешествии начался с развитием авиации). A train on the trans-Siberian route from Beijing to Moscow takes over five days; a flight around seven hours. Yetthe real game-changer was cheaper fares. In 1950 only 25m peopletook a trip abroad, says the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (unwto). By 2019 the number of trips had grown to 1.5bn (в 2019 году количество путешествий увеличилось на 1,5 миллиардов)
(and that excludes migrants, refugees and visits of over a year).
Nearly three-fifths of international travellers arrived and departed by plane in 2019, compared with only 5% by sea and 1% bytrain, according to unwto. The 35% of travellers crossing borders in a car were mostly Europeans (35% путешественников, ехавших за границу на машине, были европейцами) , inhabitants of the world’s largesttravel market, taking advantage of their continent’s small size andgood roads. Going on holiday is the main motive for travel abroad,
accounting for 55% of trips. Business travel made up 11% of the total (бизнес-поездки составили 11% от всех путешествий). Most of the rest was to visit families and friends abroad. Sometravel for religious reasons (2m Muslims visit Mecca every year);and around 15m sought medical treatment in 2017.
International travellers have filled tills for hotels, restaurants,car-hire firms and tour operators. Their spending hit $1.5trn in2019. Before covid-19, travel contributed 4.4% of gdp and 6.9% ofemployment in the oecd rich-country club. International travelmade up 6.5% of global exports in 2019, according to the WorldTrade Organisation. In all, travel and tourism accounts for over 330m jobs, one in ten of the world’s total, claims the World Traveland Tourism Council (wttc).
Covid-19 has devastated an industry (ковид-19 разрушил индустрию) that relies on the freedomof people to move. International travel stopped almost completelybetween March and May 2020, as four-fifths of countries closedtheir borders. Forbidden or unable to get around, travellers havestayed put. International arrivals fell by 70-75% in 2020, estimates
the unwto, with 1bn fewer travellers and $1.1bn less spending (seechart). That is ten times the shortfall in travel spending in 2009after the financial crisis. And recovery looks far off, even with effective vaccines. The oecd predicts that tourism will be among the“last sectors of the economy to…recover lost demand”.
It is not all dark clouds, however. Greenhouse-gas emissions bycommercial jets plunged in 2020, intensifying debate about howto curtail this pollution permanently. Destinations blighted byovertourism have had a break. And optimists reckon that in thelong run the link between growing wealth and the urge to travelwill remain unbroken. This report will argue that, for all its high
short-term costs, the pandemic may accelerate trends that willeventually make travel both easier and less damaging. Today’s travel industry may have taken a battering—but the new one that emerges could be better than ever.
…………………………………………