Railways of Russia

• Номер работы:
  494432
• Раздел:
  Все работы   →   Рефераты и реферативные задания   →   Английский язык
• Год добавления:
  28.03.2018 г.
• Объем работы:
  9 стр.
• Содержание:
  Introduction…………………………………………………………….. 3
  1. The history of railway development in Russia………………………. 4
  2. The history of the Siberian railway………………………………….. 6
  Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 8
  List of the used literature………………………………………………… 9
  
  
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  Introduction
  
  Railways have a long history. They were not invented at once. The invention of the railway combines three elements. They are: the track, the means of transport and the propulsion. All of them went through each individual stage of the development.
  Track used in the XV and XVI centuries in the mines, in the form of wooden strips or ruts, which transported cars loaded with ore. In the mid-18th century, wooden tracks were replaced in the English coal mines of the iron rails, which gradually improved technique.
  At the same time cars wheels were arranged in cars for movement on rails so at the beginning of the 19th century probably tram was introduced.
  The first concession for the equestrian railway was issued in England in 1801 on the device of the line for the transport of goods and coal from Thames to the southern parts of London.
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  1. The history of railway development in Russia
  The first railway built in Russia was in Tsarskoe Selo, between St. Peters-burg and Pavlovsk, the length of it was 24 miles. This road, which was used for private purposes since 1835, was opened in 1838 and its low profitability could least encourage new enterprises in the same way.
  The road between Petersburg and Moscow was decided to build at the ex-pense of the Treasury, and the Emperor"s will, the direction was chosen straight. The construction lasted from 1843 to 1851 and cost about 100 million rubles. Funds for the construction of the road were extracted by loans, interest on them at all times of construction and subsequently produced the same way, whereby the capital debt increased progressively, and in 1857 it was decided to classify it as public debt. Excessive costs in connection with the bad state government have made it for the first time, the way low-income; an example of it was also not con-vincing to attract private capital for the further construction of Railways, so that the government, in 1851, was forced to build the next line, St. Petersburg-Warsaw, to take at its own expense [3].
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