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Introduction
The paper is dadicated to the history of the Dynasty of the Lancastrian Kings.
The House of Lancaster, – a branch of the Norman house of Plantagenet, descending from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the third surviving son of King Edward III, – produced 3 Kings of England:
1) Henry IV (1367 -1413) ruled in 1399 – 1413,
2) Henry V (1386 - 1422) ruled in 1413 – 1422,
3) Henry VI (1421 - 1471) ruled in 1422 – 1461, 1470 – 1471.
The house of Lancaster began when Edmund “Crouch-back,” the youngest son of Henry III who ruled in 1216 – 1272, was named the first earl of Lancaster in 1267. The title passed to Edmund’s son Thomas, earl of Lancaster, and then to another son, Henry, earl of Lancaster, upon Thomas’s death. Henry’s son Henry became the first duke of Lancaster. Duke Henry of Lancaster left no male heirs, so the title eventually went to the husband of Henry’s daughter Blanche, John of Gaunt, a son of Edward III who ruled in 1327 – 1377. When John of Gaunt died in 1399, the Lancaster title and lands went to his eldest surviving son, Henry, who was known as Henry Bolingbroke, Henry IV .
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Henry IV
King Henry IV of England was born on April 15, 1367 at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, England, to John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancashire. The couple had six children, out of which Henry was born fifth. He was also their only surviving son. Because Henry was born at Bolingbroke, he was initially known as Henry the Bolingbroke .
Following the death of his mother, Henry"s father remarried in political alliance with the Spanish Princess, Constanza, elder daughter of Pedro the Cruel of Castille, who held a claim to the throne of Castille, which John of Gaunt thereafter pursued. It was a loveless marriage, but nevertheless produced two children, a daughter Katherine, later to become Queen of Castille and a son, John, who died in infancy.
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